Observers Break Record Watching JWST from Launch to Space

A Year in Citizen Science: Unistellar Breaks Exoplanet Record

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A Year in Citizen Science: Planetary Defense Rocks 2022

Read the 3rd Blog in this Series

NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has been in space for over a year now, and has begun sending back stunning astronomical images of far-away galaxies, giant stars, gauzy nebulae and more. The launch in late December 2021 was one of the most-awaited launches of the year, watched by millions of people all over the world including citizen astronomers with their Unistellar telescopes.

Not only did these Unistellar network members watch JWST lift off, but they followed the telescope’s journey to outer space and gathered data along the way. Their observations were record-breaking, providing the only scientific dataset of its kind.

Observation of JWST and its booster shortly after the separation by citizen scientist Aad Verveen from the Netherlands.

Citizen Astronomers Keep an Eye on JWST

Members of the Unistellar Network were the only known observers to follow the James Webb Space Telescope from launch to its final destination at the second Lagrangian point (L2), a stable point in Earth’s orbit around the Sun that lies a million miles away. As part of a citizen science campaign to track the telescope, Citizen Astronomers around the world watched the JWST from their backyards, capturing key moments of its journey.

In total, Unistellar Citizen Astronomers observed the JWST 145 times over the course of three months, with the final observations taken while JWST was aligning its mirrors. The campaign aimed to track the space telescope’s trajectory as it traveled and report it to the Minor Planet Center, as well as report on changes in brightness.

The space telescope reached its destination in late January 2022, where it began unfurling its 6.5-meter-wide mirror and testing out the instruments that have taken stunning images and even observed exoplanets. In fact, Unistellar Network members made their own observations of one of JWST’s planetary targets, HD 80606 b, a.k.a. the “Roasted Planet,” which returned valuable information on its orbit that will help guide JWST astronomers as they conduct observations.

JWST Scientific Paper Published

The results of Unistellar members’ observing campaign were presented in a scientific study published in August 2022. The study provides comprehensive light curve data on JWST as it traveled from Earth to its final destination and includes 49 Unistellar Network members as coauthors.

The dataset captures important moments like the jettisoning of rocket boosters and unfurling of the sunshield, as well as additional peaks in brightness that could come from slight changes in orientation as the primary mirror deployed. It’s the only dataset containing this kind of information, which will provide a valuable record for future study.

Furthermore, the James Webb Space Telescope is now the farthest man-made object to be observed by the Unistellar Network. Ten years ago, such an object would not have been observable with telescopes the size of the Unistellar eVscope and eQuinox, but advancements in technology have broadened the horizons of the possible, paving the way for record-breaking observations.

A timeline showing Unistellar Citizen Astronomer observations of JWST from launch to the orientation of its mirrors. You can see how the brightness of the spacecraft changes by looking at the vertical axis: the higher the point on the graph, the brighter JWST appeared.

Upcoming Missions Primed for Observations

With observers around the world armed with powerful telescopes, the Unistellar Network is ready to conduct similar campaigns of new science missions launching this year. That includes the Polaris Dawn launch set for 2023 that will include the first commercial spacewalk, the Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), SpaceX’s Starship launch and more.

It will be an exciting year for space launches, both above Earth and down here on the ground. And you can bet the Unistellar Network will be watching!